Exchange 2010 / 2013 Coexistence.

I have 2013 installed. Tested access to mailbox sitting on 2013 using OWA and Outlook client(using host file pointed to 2013 to test). Connection works. Emails flowing between mailboxes in 2010 and 2013.

Before moving mailboxes wanted to test redirection/proxy for mailboxes still on 2010. Using OWA on 2013 trying to access mailbox still on 2010, able to login but getting message: can't get info right now, try again later. Reversed process accessing 2013 mailbox from OWA 2010 also gives an error: server config temporarily preventing access to your account.

Client connection redirection does not seem to work between 2010 & 2013. Might be missing configuration/setting to allow/accept connections between servers??

I had to reinstall Exchange 2013 in our environment. I was able to uninstall Exchange successfully and performed the Exchange 2013 install without any issues. When I try to open EMS I get this error:

New-PSSession Connecting to remote server failed with the following error message : WinRM cannot complete the operation

I checked IIS Exchange Back End and the bindings for HTTPS have the correct SSL Cert.

Thank you in advance for any help you can provide!

Remember to mark as helpful if you find my contribution useful or as an answer if it does answer your question.That will encourage me - and others - to take time out to help you Check out my latest blog posts on http://exchangequery.com Thanks Sathish (MVP)

Hi all,

Due to the POODLE vulnerability and TLS 1.0 showing as enabled on one of our external scans, we were informed that we would need to disable SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 on our Exchange server.

Apparently, this wouldn't even be possible until Update Rollup 9 was released on 3/16/15:

Rollup resolves:

KB 3029667 SMTP is not transported over TLS 1.1 or TLS 1.2 protocol in an Exchange Server 2010 environment

After installing this update, SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 were disabled and the servers rebooted (cross site, same domain, two Exchange servers).  After resolving some issues with certificates that apparently broke as a result of the changes, we found that EWS was not working - the log full of these errors:

Hi All

Recently we're upgrading exchange 2007 sp3 to Exchange 2013, but I encountered a wierd problem during the exchange 2013 install.

Everything was good during schema prep, adprep, domainprep.

During the installation, it had a problem with discoverysearch mailbox, i followed one of the article over the net, which is disabled it and then re-enabled, then successfully resumed installation. (It's 10/14 steps at that time, which is mailbox role)

BUT, few seconds later after resume, the installation window disappear, I am not sure whether it's running at backend or it's just stopped running, so i waited and waited for nearly 1:30 minutes. I checked all the services, it seems to be all started.

I try to run the setup from installation media again, the first window saying is "incomplete installation detected", then I click next, it's just stuck at 0% percent.

I restarted computer, after reboot it's still showing me incomplete installation detected, then click next, it will stay at 0%.

If i try to open ECP page, it throws me an error, same as OWA. For some reason, the ECP doesn't use port 443, instead it's using 444. Both error looks like there's some configurations missing. It looks like the client access role hasn't been installed successfully, as in my IIS, the default website only shows powershell under its virtual directory.

I am wondering if anyone has experienced any of the above problem, any solutions?

Thank you very much

Dear All ,

Currently i'm  doing a cross forest migration from Exchange 2007 to Exchange 2013 

There are almost 7000 users in the 2007 environment who has plenty of rules in their outlook and this customer is much concerned about these outlook rules during this migration. He wants to make a bulk export and import of these rules.

Is there any good way through Powershell to export all these outlook  rules and import these rules in Exchange 2013 

Can i achieve something with Get-InboxRule  if its supported in Exchange 2007 ?

I can  list out all the existing rules in Exchange 2013 environment but i have a doubt that  if this command is supported in Exchange 2007 ?

$mbx = Get-Mailbox; $mbx | Foreach { Get-InboxRule -Mailbox $_.DistinguishedName }

Any help is much appreciated.

Remember to mark as helpful if you find my contribution useful or as an answer if it does answer your question.That will encourage me - and others - to take time out to help you Check out my latest blog posts on http://exchangequery.com Thanks Sathish (MVP)

I have a new Exchange 2013 install with 4 mailboxes. The virtual server has 4 cores and 24 GB of RAM. No volume is more than 50% utilized. I am attempting to import one 6MB pst. The import remains queued even after service/server restart. I am on the latest update/rollup.

Job is waiting for resource reservation. MRS will continue trying to pick up 
this request. Details: Resource reservation failed for 'Mailbox Database 
2046297900/MdbWrite' (CiAgeOfLastNotification(Mailbox Database 204297900)): load ratio 1.79769313486232E+308, load state 'Critical', metric 2147483647. This resource is currently unhealthy.

Any suggestions what the issue might be or where else to look for clues?

Thanks in advance for any assistance!

Hi Team

Is there any specific method where we can enable Mailbox Audit logging (Audit delegate) only for
one organization unit automatically when new mailboxes are created under that OU.

Example :
When i create a new mailbox under that OU automatically for that mailbox Audit logging(Audit delegate) should be enabled.
Exchange Version - Exchange 2010 SP3 Ru7
I think there is a way through modifying autoprovisioning XML values but i couldn't make any idea out of it.

Is there any easier way to achieve this task.
Any help with regards to the same is much appreciated.

Remember to mark as helpful if you find my contribution useful or as an answer if it does answer your question.That will encourage me - and others - to take time out to help you Check out my latest blog posts on http://exchangequery.com Thanks Sathish (MVP)

I currently have an Exchange 2013/2007 coexistence scenario which gives me trouble with the RPC over HTTP part with users with a 2007 mailbox. the MS RCA website performs 2 tests with the MAPI address book endpoints, once against a 2007 mailbox server and once a against a GC/DC, the last one fails. The logs are from our test domain, but the exact same happens in the production domain. running CU8 (recently upgraded, but problem was exactly the same with CU7)

	Testing the MAPI Address Book endpoint on the Exchange server.
	The address book endpoint was tested successfully.
	Additional Details   Elapsed Time: 7872 ms.
	Test Steps   Attempting to ping the MAPI Address Book endpoint with identity: exmb11.domain.test:6004.   The endpoint was pinged successfully.   Additional Details   The endpoint responded in 156 ms. Elapsed Time: 4153 ms.

	Testing the MAPI Address Book endpoint on the Exchange server.
	An error occurred while testing the address book endpoint.
	Additional Details   Elapsed Time: 3079 ms.
	Test Steps   Attempting to ping the MAPI Address Book endpoint with identity: tdc01421.domain.test:6004.   The attempt to ping the endpoint failed.    <label for="testSelectWizard_ctl12_ctl06_ctl02_ctl09_ctl00_tmmArrow">Tell me more about this issue and how to resolve it</label>   Additional Details   The RPC_S_SERVER_UNAVAILABLE error (0x6ba) was thrown by the RPC Runtime process. Elapsed Time: 3079 ms.

---
texmb11 = ex2007 mailbox
texfr11 = ex2007 CAS
tdc01421 = DC/GC
texch31 = 2013 multirole
---

other symptoms :

Browser test
https://texch31.domain.test/rpc/rpcproxy.dll?texmb11:6004 --> 503 (which is correct)
https://texch31.domain.test/rpc/rpcproxy.dll?tdc01421:6004 --> 404.0 Not Found

RPCPing
rpcping -t ncacn_http -s texmb11 -o RpcProxy=texch31.domain.test -P "user,dom,*" -I "user,dom,*" -H 2 -u 9 -a connect -F 3 -v 3 -e 6004
Success

rpcping -t ncacn_http -s tdc01421 -o RpcProxy=texch31.domain.test -P "user,dom,*" -I "user,dom,*" -H 2 -u 9 -a connect -F 3 -v 3 -e 6004
Fails!

so the Ex2013 RPCProxy doesn't proxy to the DC/GC, but the RPCProxy to an ex2007 mailbox server works fine, so the authentication methods configured are correct i'd say..

the same tests using the ex2007CAS server as RPC proxy all succeed!:

MS RCA is all green

https://texfr11.domain.test/rpc/rpcproxy.dll?texmb11:6004 --> 503
https://texfr11.domain.test/rpc/rpcproxy.dll?tdc01421:6004 --> 503 

rpcping -t ncacn_http -s texmb11 -o RpcProxy=texfr11.domain.test -P "user,dom,*" -I "user,dom,*" -H 2 -u 9 -a connect -F 3 -v 3 -e 6004
Success

rpcping -t ncacn_http -s tdc01421 -o RpcProxy=texfr11.domain.test -P "user,dom,*" -I "user,dom,*" -H 2 -u 9 -a connect -F 3 -v 3 -e 6004
Success!!

Logs

all tries against the 2013 CAS server generate '404' log entries in several logs int the Logging directory, the most explicit being the one in Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\V15\Logging\HttpProxy\RpcHttp : HttpProxy_xxxxxx.LOG

2015-04-30T19:58:00.153Z,895cdf07-f2eb-4beb-b787-da02ba11b0c2,15,0,1076,0,,RpcHttp,webmail.domain.test,/rpc/rpcproxy.dll,,Basic,true,DOM\user,,,MSRPC,10.10.142.132,TEXCH31,404,,MailboxGuidWithDomainNotFound,RPC_IN_DATA,,,,,,,,,4,,,,1,,,0,,0,,0,0,,0,2,0,,,,,,,,,1,1,0,,1,,2,2,,?TDC01422.domain.test:6004,,BeginRequest=2015-04-30T19:58:00.153Z;CorrelationID=<empty>;ProxyState-Run=None;ProxyState-Complete=CalculateBackEnd;EndRequest=2015-04-30T19:58:00.153Z;,HttpProxyException=Microsoft.Exchange.HttpProxy.HttpProxyException:RPC server name passed in by client could not be resolved: TDC01422.domain.test   at Microsoft.Exchange.HttpProxy.RpcHttpProxyRequestHandler.ResolveToDefaultAnchorMailbox(String originalRpcServerName  String reason)    at Microsoft.Exchange.HttpProxy.RpcHttpProxyRequestHandler.ResolveAnchorMailbox()    at Microsoft.Exchange.HttpProxy.ProxyRequestHandler.InternalBeginCalculateTargetBackEnd(AnchorMailbox& anchorMailbox)    at Microsoft.Exchange.HttpProxy.ProxyRequestHandler.<BeginCalculateTargetBackEnd>b__3b();

the error suggests the name could not be resolved. but nslookup works fine. i can ping the tdc01421 correctly form texch31, it returns me the ipv4 address. i can telnet to port 6004 from texch31 server to tdc01421 giving me the correct 'ncacn_http' answer..

i look at the 'ValidPorts' and ValidPorts_Autoconfig_Exchange reg keys and filled them with the same i have on the 2007cas servers (all ex servers, all dc/gc's, all of them with netbios & fqdn ports 6001,6002 & 6004..) but also no success.

im out of ideas by now..

Microsoft Certified IT Professional Server Administrator

Hi,I have an Exchange2007 SP3Exchange 2013SP1andCU15CU8.

WhenI migratea mailboxfrom Exchange 2007 toExchange 2013,theOutlook client connectscredentialsproperlybut callsconstantly.

In the configuration ofconnectionsOulook, I seethat whenthere arecallscredentialsconnections thataretrying to connect toPublic Folders:

SessType:foregorundand Background
Connection:HTTPS
Type:PublicFolders andReferences

Imageattached connectionOutlook



regards

Microsoft Certified IT Professional Server Administrator

Md. Ramin Hossain

We have come accross this vulnerability detected by our scanner tool for this software. The software gets install in the folowing area

C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\V14\Bin\MSExchangeMailboxAssistants.exe

This windows services is unquote and therefore it flags as vulnerable for hackers.

I'm attachingthe following article for reference

https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Help+eliminate+unquoted+path+vulnerabilities/14464

http://blakhal0.blogspot.com/2012/08/hiding-files-by-exploiting-spaces-in.html

Besides creating a script to update the binPath for this services, is there a patch solution or this is simple not a problem since the OS will take care of it. Issue of long file name was fixed back then by Microsoft Windows 2000 SP2.

michael john ocasio

Hi!

I attempted to move my mailbox over to the new Exchange 2013 server from 2007. The migration was successful but the mailbox doesn't actually move to the Exchange 2013 DB. Any reason why? I was able to move a few other mailboxes over with no issues....

I'm able to create a new mailbox from scratch and it works with no issue. Can't seem to figure it out....

Running Exchange 2013 C1.. and i'm migrating from Exchange 2007 sp3 rollup 10. 

Sorry if this is in the wrong place.

Trying to figure out how if at all possible to do this.

We have a shared exchange server with multiple tenants.  And configured to use adfs for sign-on which is working.

However we now had a situation where customerC wants to have his mailboxes on our servers.  But using his adfs to authenticate for access to them

There isn't a trust setup between the domains either.

I've managed to get our adfs server to send the request over they customers-adfs for authentication.  But once i've been authenticated I get the following error on the owa page

owa/auth/errorfe.aspx?msg=UpnClaimMissing

X-ClientId: VAIG - DBJW - KKED - NZYYEWQ
X-FEServer: TEST08
Date: 5/8/2015 6:05:12 PM

Hello,
access to most backend websites on the mailbox server logs asp.net Event ID 1310 A configuration error ocured.

Looking to the web.config file A reference to D:\Exchange\ClientAccess\SharedWebConfig.Config has been found, but this file did not exist on both servers MBX and CAS role. The Installdir has been set to D:\Exchange during Installation wizard. The setup did not log any error creating such a file to C:\ExchangeSetupLogs\ExchangeSetup.log.

Another machine installed with Exchange 2013SP1, then updated to CU7 is OK. \TF

I'm Installing Exchange 2013 SP1 on the domain environment on which exchange 2010 was installed before but it isn't available now because it was installed evaluation and for test and it isn't avalable now.

in Exchange 2013 mail box role setup in mailbox service stage it gives me the error copied below:

I found these articles but doesn't apply to my case because I don't have access to exchange 2010 server (It has been deleted from VM):

http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/5317.recreate-and-enable-missing-arbitration-user-accounts-and-mailboxes-in-exchange-server-2010.aspx

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/978776

how can I completely remove exchange 2010 from Active Directory?

What should I do to fix this error and install exchange 2013?

Error:
The following error was generated when "$error.Clear(); 
          if (($RoleIsDatacenter -ne $true) -and ($RoleIsDatacenterDedicated -ne $true))
          {
          if (test-ExchangeServersWriteAccess -DomainController $RoleDomainController -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
          {
          $sysMbx = $null;
          $name = "SystemMailbox{e0dc1c29-89c3-4034-b678-e6c29d823ed9}";
          $dispname = "Microsoft Exchange";
          $mbxs = @( get-mailbox -arbitration -Filter {name -eq $name} -IgnoreDefaultScope -resultSize 1 );
          if ( $mbxs.length -eq 0)
          {
          $dbs = @(get-MailboxDatabase -Server:$RoleFqdnOrName -DomainController $RoleDomainController);
          if ($dbs.Length -ne 0)
          {
          $arbUsers = @(get-user -Filter {name -eq $name} -IgnoreDefaultScope -ResultSize 1);
          if ($arbUsers.Length -ne 0)
          {
          $sysMbx = enable-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $arbUsers[0] -DisplayName $dispname -database $dbs[0].Identity;
          }
          }
          }
          else
          {
          if ($mbxs[0].DisplayName -ne $dispname )
          {
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $mbxs[0] -DisplayName $dispname -Force;
          }
          $sysMbx = $mbxs[0];
          }

          # Set the Organization Capabilities needed for this mailbox
          if ($sysMbx -ne $null)
          {
          Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Setting mailbox properties.");
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $sysMbx -UMDataStorage:$true -Force;

          # No RetentionPolicy assigned to E-Discovery arbitration mailbox currently, we need to set it here.
          # This can be remove after BUG(O15#2555914) is fixed.
          if ($sysMbx.RetentionPolicy -eq $null )
          {
          $arbitrationRetentionPolicy = @(Get-RetentionPolicy -DomainController $RoleDomainController | where {$_.Name -eq 'ArbitrationMailbox'});
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $sysMbx -RetentionPolicy $arbitrationRetentionPolicy[0].Identity -Force;
          }
          }
          else
          {
          Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Cannot find E-discovery arbitration mailbox with name=$name.");
          }
          }
          else
          {
          write-exchangesetuplog -info "Skipping creating Discovery Arbitration Mailbox because of insufficient permission."
          }
          }
        " was run: "Database is mandatory on UserMailbox.".

Error:
The following error was generated when "$error.Clear(); 
          if (($RoleIsDatacenter -ne $true) -and ($RoleIsDatacenterDedicated -ne $true))
          {
          if (test-ExchangeServersWriteAccess -DomainController $RoleDomainController -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
          {
          $sysMbx = $null;
          $name = "SystemMailbox{e0dc1c29-89c3-4034-b678-e6c29d823ed9}";
          $dispname = "Microsoft Exchange";
          $mbxs = @( get-mailbox -arbitration -Filter {name -eq $name} -IgnoreDefaultScope -resultSize 1 );
          if ( $mbxs.length -eq 0)
          {
          $dbs = @(get-MailboxDatabase -Server:$RoleFqdnOrName -DomainController $RoleDomainController);
          if ($dbs.Length -ne 0)
          {
          $arbUsers = @(get-user -Filter {name -eq $name} -IgnoreDefaultScope -ResultSize 1);
          if ($arbUsers.Length -ne 0)
          {
          $sysMbx = enable-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $arbUsers[0] -DisplayName $dispname -database $dbs[0].Identity;
          }
          }
          }
          else
          {
          if ($mbxs[0].DisplayName -ne $dispname )
          {
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $mbxs[0] -DisplayName $dispname -Force;
          }
          $sysMbx = $mbxs[0];
          }

          # Set the Organization Capabilities needed for this mailbox
          if ($sysMbx -ne $null)
          {
          Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Setting mailbox properties.");
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $sysMbx -UMDataStorage:$true -Force;

          # No RetentionPolicy assigned to E-Discovery arbitration mailbox currently, we need to set it here.
          # This can be remove after BUG(O15#2555914) is fixed.
          if ($sysMbx.RetentionPolicy -eq $null )
          {
          $arbitrationRetentionPolicy = @(Get-RetentionPolicy -DomainController $RoleDomainController | where {$_.Name -eq 'ArbitrationMailbox'});
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $sysMbx -RetentionPolicy $arbitrationRetentionPolicy[0].Identity -Force;
          }
          }
          else
          {
          Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Cannot find E-discovery arbitration mailbox with name=$name.");
          }
          }
          else
          {
          write-exchangesetuplog -info "Skipping creating Discovery Arbitration Mailbox because of insufficient permission."
          }
          }
        " was run: "Database is mandatory on UserMailbox.".

Error:
The following error was generated when "$error.Clear(); 
          if (($RoleIsDatacenter -ne $true) -and ($RoleIsDatacenterDedicated -ne $true))
          {
          if (test-ExchangeServersWriteAccess -DomainController $RoleDomainController -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
          {
          $sysMbx = $null;
          $name = "SystemMailbox{e0dc1c29-89c3-4034-b678-e6c29d823ed9}";
          $dispname = "Microsoft Exchange";
          $mbxs = @( get-mailbox -arbitration -Filter {name -eq $name} -IgnoreDefaultScope -resultSize 1 );
          if ( $mbxs.length -eq 0)
          {
          $dbs = @(get-MailboxDatabase -Server:$RoleFqdnOrName -DomainController $RoleDomainController);
          if ($dbs.Length -ne 0)
          {
          $arbUsers = @(get-user -Filter {name -eq $name} -IgnoreDefaultScope -ResultSize 1);
          if ($arbUsers.Length -ne 0)
          {
          $sysMbx = enable-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $arbUsers[0] -DisplayName $dispname -database $dbs[0].Identity;
          }
          }
          }
          else
          {
          if ($mbxs[0].DisplayName -ne $dispname )
          {
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $mbxs[0] -DisplayName $dispname -Force;
          }
          $sysMbx = $mbxs[0];
          }

          # Set the Organization Capabilities needed for this mailbox
          if ($sysMbx -ne $null)
          {
          Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Setting mailbox properties.");
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $sysMbx -UMDataStorage:$true -Force;

          # No RetentionPolicy assigned to E-Discovery arbitration mailbox currently, we need to set it here.
          # This can be remove after BUG(O15#2555914) is fixed.
          if ($sysMbx.RetentionPolicy -eq $null )
          {
          $arbitrationRetentionPolicy = @(Get-RetentionPolicy -DomainController $RoleDomainController | where {$_.Name -eq 'ArbitrationMailbox'});
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $sysMbx -RetentionPolicy $arbitrationRetentionPolicy[0].Identity -Force;
          }
          }
          else
          {
          Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Cannot find E-discovery arbitration mailbox with name=$name.");
          }
          }
          else
          {
          write-exchangesetuplog -info "Skipping creating Discovery Arbitration Mailbox because of insufficient permission."
          }
          }
        " was run: "Database is mandatory on UserMailbox.".

Error:
The following error was generated when "$error.Clear(); 
          if (($RoleIsDatacenter -ne $true) -and ($RoleIsDatacenterDedicated -ne $true))
          {
          if (test-ExchangeServersWriteAccess -DomainController $RoleDomainController -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
          {
          $sysMbx = $null;
          $name = "SystemMailbox{e0dc1c29-89c3-4034-b678-e6c29d823ed9}";
          $dispname = "Microsoft Exchange";
          $mbxs = @( get-mailbox -arbitration -Filter {name -eq $name} -IgnoreDefaultScope -resultSize 1 );
          if ( $mbxs.length -eq 0)
          {
          $dbs = @(get-MailboxDatabase -Server:$RoleFqdnOrName -DomainController $RoleDomainController);
          if ($dbs.Length -ne 0)
          {
          $arbUsers = @(get-user -Filter {name -eq $name} -IgnoreDefaultScope -ResultSize 1);
          if ($arbUsers.Length -ne 0)
          {
          $sysMbx = enable-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $arbUsers[0] -DisplayName $dispname -database $dbs[0].Identity;
          }
          }
          }
          else
          {
          if ($mbxs[0].DisplayName -ne $dispname )
          {
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $mbxs[0] -DisplayName $dispname -Force;
          }
          $sysMbx = $mbxs[0];
          }

          # Set the Organization Capabilities needed for this mailbox
          if ($sysMbx -ne $null)
          {
          Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Setting mailbox properties.");
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $sysMbx -UMDataStorage:$true -Force;

          # No RetentionPolicy assigned to E-Discovery arbitration mailbox currently, we need to set it here.
          # This can be remove after BUG(O15#2555914) is fixed.
          if ($sysMbx.RetentionPolicy -eq $null )
          {
          $arbitrationRetentionPolicy = @(Get-RetentionPolicy -DomainController $RoleDomainController | where {$_.Name -eq 'ArbitrationMailbox'});
          set-mailbox -Arbitration -identity $sysMbx -RetentionPolicy $arbitrationRetentionPolicy[0].Identity -Force;
          }
          }
          else
          {
          Write-ExchangeSetupLog -Info ("Cannot find E-discovery arbitration mailbox with name=$name.");
          }
          }
          else
          {
          write-exchangesetuplog -info "Skipping creating Discovery Arbitration Mailbox because of insufficient permission."
          }
          }
        " was run: "Database is mandatory on UserMailbox.".

I have exchange 2013 CU2, on windows server 2012 r2 and the physical machine is HP ProLiant ML310e Gen8.
Now I want to implement a DAG server, can anyone please guide me through the requirements like which machine I should purchase for the DAG and can I use windows server 2008 R2 standard. and how to make the physical connection with the existing server.
I have 1TB on existing server, does the server I implement in DAG should have the same amount of Storage.
thanks all and appreciate your assistance.

Connecting to remote server <SERVER NAME>.com failed with the following error message : The WinRM client cannot process the request. It cannot determine the content type of the HTTP response from the destination computer. The content type is absent or invalid.